Interventions for autism in the classroom - Strategies and practices are generally designed to address a single skill or goal for people on the autism spectrum, these include things like: visual supports, video modelling, prompting, reinforcement, and time delay. Programs, comprehensive approaches, comprehensive treatment approaches, and interventions generally consist of a set of ...

 
This article will focus specifically on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and it will explore autism in the classroom further; examining the potential barriers to learning that people with autism may face. It will also refer to strategies and techniques that teachers could adopt to create a stress-free learning environment.. Permian mass extinction cause

Because approximately 1 in 59 students are diagnosed with autism, learning how to help students with this disorder in the classroom is so important.[1] Teaching young students with autism communication skills and learning strategies makes it all the more likely that they'll reach their academic potential later on.Providing structure and routine is important for Autistic pupils. This can be created within the classroom and school environment by using many different strategies. This could include using workstations and visual aids and resources like Visual Timetables, Now and Next Visual Aid Boards, or Objects of Reference.When it comes to providing specialized education for children with autism, finding the right school can be a daunting task. With so many options available, it can be difficult to know which one is best suited for your child’s needs.3. Quiet Spaces. Quiet spaces can provide a safe and calming environment for students with autism to take a break from sensory overload or social interactions. 4. Noise-Cancelling Headphones. Noise-cancelling headphones can help students with autism block out distracting sounds and focus on their work. 5.In recent years, educators have been increasingly turning to technology to enhance classroom learning experiences. One such tool that has gained immense popularity is Minecraft Education Edition.Behavioral Interventions. Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Package. Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment for Young Children. Language Training (Production) Modeling. Naturalistic Teaching ...Mar 15, 2016 · Here are six tips to help your students with autism thrive in the classroom. Avoid sensory overload. Many unexpected things can be distracting to students with autism. Fluorescent lights, smells, and noises from other students can make it difficult for students with autism to concentrate. Using cool, calm colors in the classroom can help create ... Give pupils time to process information. This should be up to 10 seconds before repeating the instruction if necessary. Remain calm and completely reduce verbal language when challenging behaviour occurs. Follow Behaviour Support Plans. Ensure the triggers and behaviour are logged in the ABC charts in the Behaviour Support Plan folder.Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals in various ways. From communication difficulties to repetitive behaviors, individuals on the autism spectrum often require specialized support and resources.Sep 7, 2020 · This article will focus specifically on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and it will explore autism in the classroom further; examining the potential barriers to learning that people with autism may face. It will also refer to strategies and techniques that teachers could adopt to create a stress-free learning environment. As a result, more students with autism are being included in the general education setting. There is no magic. The skillset and open mindedness of a teacher will help maximize success for students with autism in the inclusive setting. Here are some strategies for including children with autism in your classroom. Behavior SupportsThe COVID-19 pandemic has forced many educational institutions to shift towards distance learning. In response, Google Classroom has emerged as a popular platform for teachers and students alike. Here are some tips and tricks to help you ma...Download Order a Copy. An Educator’s Guide to ASD (Level 1 Supports) is the ninth guide in the Life Journey Through Autism resource guide series. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous group of developmental disorders that range in symptoms and level of severity. These symptoms can manifest themselves as problem ...Caregivers of adults on the autism spectrum report having limited access to resources that aid in supporting their child and helping them lead more independent …Aug 29, 2009 · When students misbehave in the classroom, teachers look for strategies or interventions that will stop the unwanted behavior. For students with autism, behavioral issues have other underlying causes that must be studied in connection with creating effective classroom management interventions. In this article, teachers will find interventions that can be immediately used in the classroom to ... Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common and stubborn condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can be unsightly, uncomfortable, and even embarrassing. Many individuals are eager to find a solution that can eff...This page contains links to nine video scenarios illustrating different teaching strategies for pupils with ASDs. Eve loves to play. Children with ASDs respond well to visual structure. A visual schedule gives clear structure to the day because it presents daily activities in a logical sequence.Aug 19, 2015 · Promote social goals. Prepare the classroom. Collaborate. Manage behavioral challenges. The guide’s essential messages are understanding students as individuals, reaching out to their parents and support staff who know them best, and helping to set social goals and encourage and support peer interaction. Some of the basic symptoms of HFA or ... Strategies and practices are generally designed to address a single skill or goal for people on the autism spectrum, these include things like: visual supports, video modelling, prompting, reinforcement, and time delay. Programs, comprehensive approaches, comprehensive treatment approaches, and interventions generally consist of a set of ... Sep 7, 2016 · Students with autism can find tasks requiring a lot of planning and organisation such as managing assignments, participating in assessments, navigating learning tasks, and completing homework ... The autism awareness ribbon is multicolored, with a puzzle pattern in different shades of red, blue and yellow, according to The Autism Society. The Autism Society adopted the puzzle ribbon as its trademark in 1999, and it quickly became a ...Kamps D., Thiemann-Bourque K., Heitzman-Powell L., Schwartz I., Rosenberg N., Mason R., Cox S. (2015). A comprehensive peer network intervention to improve social communication of children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized trial in kindergarten and first grade. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1809–1824.Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins at birth or within the first two-and-a-half years of life. Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it can appear in a range of forms and severity levels. The prognosis for a child with autism depends on the severity of their initial symptoms but can be influenced by early intervention and ...Be calm and positive. Model appropriate behavior for the student with autism, as well as for other students, by greeting him and engaging him in a respectful way. Be aware of the characteristics of autism and general strategies - for quick reference reminders use the resources included in this kit.Mohammadzaheri F., Koegel L., Rezaee M., Rafiee S. (2014). A randomized clinical trial comparison between pivotal response treatment (PRT) and structured applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 2769–2777.The main signs and symptoms of autism in adults are impairment in social interactions and communication along with a person’s behavior, according to MedicineNet.com. An example of ritualistic behavior is when an autistic adult requires the ...Students with autism can be distracted by unexpected things in their environment, such as bright lights, smells, and sounds. Reduce the sensory stimuli in your classroom by using calm colors and not putting too much up on the walls. This can help to boost concentration abilities for autistic students. Use visuals.Promote social goals. Prepare the classroom. Collaborate. Manage behavioral challenges. The guide’s essential messages are understanding students as individuals, reaching out to their parents and support staff who know them best, and helping to set social goals and encourage and support peer interaction. Some of the basic symptoms of HFA or ...Purpose Persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate abnormal prosodic patterns in conversational speech, which can negatively affect social interactions. The purpose of this …Part 3: Teaching Methods & Strategies for Students with Dyslexia “I used to think adults spoke a different language,” says Dr. Temple Grandin, an adult with autism who has written at length about her experiences. “I think in pictures. Words are like a second language to me.” Teaching students with autism has its challenges and rewards.5) Behavioral reductive strategies (e.g., hands down, overcorrection); If family is using behavioral reductive strategy without training or coaching from an expert, the provider should counsel the family and provide a referral. Several behavioral interventions have been found to be effective and may require the support of a behavior analyst. 2. Ditch the Behavior Charts. Honestly, we need to get out of the mindset that a child IS their behavior. Behavior charts at the front of the classroom are a good idea on paper – I’m sure the intent is pure. We want to signal a child that their behavior is meeting the standard of what’s functional for a classroom.At least, no Temple Grandin as the world knows her today – professor, inventor, best-selling author, and rock star in the seemingly divergent fields of animal science and autism education. “I probably would have been a handyman, fixing toilets at some apartment building somewhere,” said Grandin. “I can’t do algebra.sons on the autism spectrum were younger and my eldest a school refuser. Small reasonable adjustments to support the child on the spectrum make a huge difference when supporting them in the classroom. This booklet offers lots of small insightful useful solutions that everyone can use when educating children on the autism spectrum Jun 15, 2017 · Whilst we may not always have a learner with a diagnosis of autism in our classes, we will definitely have learners with a wide variety of communication and interaction needs as the National Autistic Society states:more than 1 in 100 people have autism in the UK. Autism is a broad term which includes a variety of different related conditions ... Research shows that early diagnosis of and interventions for autism are more likely to have major long-term positive effects on symptoms and later skills.1,2,3,4,5 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can sometimes be diagnosed in children before they are 2 years of age. Some children with ASD whose development seems typical up to that point begin to regress just before or sometime during age 2 years.6See our advice on teaching students with autism spectrum disorder ... Intensive early intervention for autistic children and students has significant benefits.Research shows that early diagnosis of and interventions for autism are more likely to have major long-term positive effects on symptoms and later skills.1,2,3,4,5 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can sometimes be diagnosed in children before they are 2 years of age. Some children with ASD whose development seems typical up to that point begin to regress just before or sometime during age 2 years.6Sep 14, 2022 · In outlining ways to match Hodgdons strategies to technology strategies, Stafford touched on MTTs web-based vizZle tools, but other tech tools also are available for students with autism. 1. Communication. Create a communication environment that is user friendly for students. When it comes to providing specialized education for children with autism, finding the right school can be a daunting task. With so many options available, it can be difficult to know which one is best suited for your child’s needs.How Autism Affects the Inclusive Classroom. Autism spectrum disorder, recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), is a developmental condition affecting communication, behavior, sensory processing, and social interaction. The disorder falls on a spectrum because affected individuals display a wide range of ...Children and young people - Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: support and management (2013) Recommended interventions include play-based strategies with parents, carers and teachers. NICE rule out a number of biomedical interventions for management of the core characteristics of autism, including: chelation Academic supports are never one-size-fits all. Teachers can best support autistic students when they have a range of strategies to choose from. As a general principle, interventions that provide predictability, support, and empowerment, while also reducing anxiety and building on strengths, are effective. When applied in the classroom, such interventions enable autistic students to bestFor Adolescents and Adults: After You Receive the Diagnosis of an Autism Spectrum Disorder; Introducing Your Child to the Diagnosis of Autism; Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder; Diagnostic Criteria for Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder; What We Do. Research. Indiana Autism Spectrum Disorder Needs Assessment; Online …How Autism Affects the Inclusive Classroom. Autism spectrum disorder, recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), is a developmental condition affecting communication, behavior, sensory processing, and social interaction. The disorder falls on a spectrum because affected individuals display a wide range of ...Social work intervention is the practice of working in a variety of ways with individuals and families in need to help them become more independent. Many people in need of social work intervention have a mental illness or drug dependency or...The interventions are based on and aligned to the identified needs of the student with autism and linked to targeted learning outcomes. The selected interventions may be implemented in all educational settings. Click below to view this video. Evidence-Informed Instructional Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder from SESS on ...Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability “that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors” (via American Psychiatric Association), though...Fun Classroom Activities for Teaching Students with Autism. Sometimes, educational strategies for autism may differ from the lesson plans you make for the rest of your class. But thankfully, autism activities can be as simple as stocking sensory toys in your classroom or reading picture books about social skills. Use these four activities for ...Be calm and positive. Model appropriate behavior for the student with autism, as well as for other students, by greeting him and engaging him in a respectful way. Be aware of the characteristics of autism and general strategies - for quick reference reminders use the resources included in this kit. ineffective strategies teachers are utilizing in the classroom to help support students with ASD. Additionally, others may choose to incorporate these effective strategies in their own classroom to ensure students with ASD are thriving. My goal is to help inform others about the various types of support systems that are needed to ensure educationalreferences about the need to employ research-supported interventions (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 2004; No Child Left Behind, 2002). The National Autism Center has developed this manual as a means of promoting evi-dence-based practice for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the schools. Why? Because weAbout autism. Autism is a condition which impacts the way a student may experience and interact with their environment and others in their environment. Every student on the autism spectrum is different, there is no ‘one size fits all’. This means that the characteristics of autism may differ significantly from one student to another.Sep 23, 2019 · Doing so can make a huge difference to how engaged the autistic child is in these learning activities. 6. Work with their parents/carers. Parents and carers are the true experts on their autistic children. To fully support the child in and out of school, you should therefore coordinate and share knowledge with them. Social impairment Repetitive behaviors (known among the autism community as “stimming”) Here are 15 fun activities to help children with autism feel welcome in your class while addressing their symptoms and individual learning styles.Sometimes finding this balance of support is difficult for teachers and they are often left searching for classroom strategies to support them. Due to the uniqueness of Autistic pupils' needs, there is no 'one-size-fits-all' strategy to support every student. ... Because autism is more common in boys than girls, caregivers such as doctors ...These are strategies for assessing the effectiveness of research-based strategies for your individual student with autism and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, practices, and tools that are too new to have a strong evidence base. These are also strategies that should be employed even when you are using an evidence-based strategy ...Given the likelihood that many high risk infant siblings of children with autism will be showing only mild or even no impairments in the first year, and the fact that many families will be under stress (e.g., Estes, Munson, Dawson, Koehler, Zhou, & Abbott, 2009), positive family focused interventions are highly appropriate and potentially beneficial for all families.2. Ditch the Behavior Charts. Honestly, we need to get out of the mindset that a child IS their behavior. Behavior charts at the front of the classroom are a good idea on paper – I’m sure the intent is pure. We want to signal a child that their behavior is meeting the standard of what’s functional for a classroom.M.Ed BCBA. June 1, 2022. Speech therapy for autism focuses on language and communication challenges and can aid in improving verbal, nonverbal, and social communication in children with autism. The ultimate goal is to …Professional educators will determine strategies to align with the different ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) think, learn, and behave in the classroom. Educators will use differentiated instruction and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) strategies to design interventions based on process, content and product, including specific …Fun Classroom Activities for Teaching Students with Autism. Sometimes, educational strategies for autism may differ from the lesson plans you make for the rest of your class. But thankfully, autism activities can be as simple as stocking sensory toys in your classroom or reading picture books about social skills. Use these four activities for ...Who may deliver the needed support, modifications, and interventions within a school setting: Regular classroom teacher with additional training in AS, or special educator; Dedicated aide, teaching assistant, or paraprofessional (i.e. devoted just to this student); training desirable; Classroom aide for two or more children Sep 7, 2016 · Students with autism can find tasks requiring a lot of planning and organisation such as managing assignments, participating in assessments, navigating learning tasks, and completing homework ... Positive Learning Environments for Students with Autism. This lesson will help you design a …Children with both autism and anxiety may show additional symptoms, including: Agitation; Aggression; Rigidity; Obsessiveness; Autism in the classroom. While a large percentage of children with autism attend mainstream schools, research shows that most teachers are ill-equipped to deal with the additional challenges students with ASD face.Purpose Persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate abnormal prosodic patterns in conversational speech, which can negatively affect social interactions. The purpose of this …Aug 11, 2021 · Academic supports are never one-size-fits all. Teachers can best support autistic students when they have a range of strategies to choose from. As a general principle, interventions that provide predictability, support, and empowerment, while also reducing anxiety and building on strengths, are effective. When applied in the classroom, such interventions enable autistic students to best In recent years, educators have been increasingly turning to technology to enhance classroom learning experiences. One such tool that has gained immense popularity is Minecraft Education Edition.In addition, 56.5% of the general education teachers support that the special education teacher should be primarily responsible for the integration of the child with autism who is included in a general education class. 51.8% state that the evaluation of a child with autism by the Special Education Committee is necessary for the class teacher to start dealing …1. The intervention is based on a good understanding of autism Some interventions are based on flawed theories of autism and the causes of autism. For example, some of the first interventions to be used were based on the incorrect belief that autism is caused by so-called ‘refrigerator mothers’: mothers whose denial of emotionalRaising a child with autism can be a difficult and overwhelming experience. With so much information available online, it can be hard to know where to start. Fortunately, printable autism resources are a great way to help your child learn a...Practical Recommendations and Interventions: Asperger’s Syndrome 1 . ASPERGER’S SYNDROME: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEACHERS . 1. Keep routines in the classroom clear and consistent. Provide students with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) with additional guidance during more unstructured times and transitions. Listed are some tried and true strategies that will ensure every autistic child receives the best education possible. These strategies apply to both the classroom and home environments. Structure or routine is the name of the game when it comes to autism. Maintain the same daily routine, only making exceptions for special occasions. 5 sept 2013 ... children with autism/ASD, to include early intervention and the extended school year scheme, identifying the roles of the various agencies ...5 Ways to Prevent Power Struggles in the Classroom. 1. Use visuals. Visuals aren’t magic, as I noted in an earlier post. However, it is amazing how many times a simple symbol or sign or note will be more successful …Dec 22, 2020 · The result: A finding of 28 evidence-based practices appropriate for use with individuals with ASD, ages birth-22: Antecedent-Based Interventions. Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Behavioral Momentum Intervention. Cognitive Behavioral/Instructional Strategies. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative, Incompatible, or Other Behavior. Break a big project into smaller steps, making sure the student understands the overall goal and how the parts fit together. Use organizers and mind-mapping software. Provide the test format ahead of time so the student can focus on content. Provide extended time for taking tests. Provide a quiet work space as needed.Get Informed Learn about autism and how you can better support autistic students in the classroom. The following five sections were developed to help teachers better meet the needs of their autistic students. Jump to a section: Basics about Autism Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Teaching Students with Asperger Syndrome Individualized Education Program Transitioning BackThe interventions are based on and aligned to the identified needs of the student with autism and linked to targeted learning outcomes. The selected interventions may be implemented in all educational settings. Click below to view this video. Evidence-Informed Instructional Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder from SESS on ...Children with both autism and anxiety may show additional symptoms, including: Agitation; Aggression; Rigidity; Obsessiveness; Autism in the classroom. While a large percentage of children with autism attend mainstream schools, research shows that most teachers are ill-equipped to deal with the additional challenges students with ASD face.Teachers can also use a range of specific strategies to differentiate in the classroom. Lessons planned using strategies such as big questions, learning agendas, centers or stations, curriculum overlapping, and project-based instruction will support the needs of students with and without disabilities; students with a range of gifts, talents ...Another way that occupational therapy practitioners can address children with an. ASD diagnosis is providing interventions indirectly through the environment.Given the likelihood that many high risk infant siblings of children with autism will be showing only mild or even no impairments in the first year, and the fact that many families will be under stress (e.g., Estes, Munson, Dawson, Koehler, Zhou, & Abbott, 2009), positive family focused interventions are highly appropriate and potentially beneficial for all families.Jun 28, 2019 · Specific strategies for creating an autism-friendly classroom include: Set up an organised classroom where there are places for resources, stationary and personal belongings and teaching the students how to access the resources in an appropriate manner; Plan strategies along with places and times for calming breaks. Teaching Autism and Special Education Podcast. May 2, 2019 • 00:18:59. Today's episode; I'm giving you a brief introduction to me and Teaching Autism, followed by a short session on burnout and self-care. Self-care is huge right now. Especially with more teachers and parents being burnt out than ever before.Classroom-based peer interventions targeting autism ignorance, prejudice and/or discrimination: a systematic PRISMA review. ... 'Understanding Our Peers', and 'Circle of Friends'. The 'Kit for Kids' intervention (Organization for Autism Research Citation 2012) is a single-session programme consisting of a lesson plan, ...In addition, 56.5% of the general education teachers support that the special education teacher should be primarily responsible for the integration of the child with autism who is included in a general education class. 51.8% state that the evaluation of a child with autism by the Special Education Committee is necessary for the class teacher to start dealing …Introduction. The overall population of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASDs) is 14.7 per 1000 (one in 68) in children aged 8 yr old ().In Shiraz/Iran 1.9% of children had been diagnosed with ASD ().Similar findings reported in 2015 in Iran ().Hence, the increasing rate of ASD prevalence is a great challenge for the education system and necessitates national …Sep 7, 2020 · This article will focus specifically on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and it will explore autism in the classroom further; examining the potential barriers to learning that people with autism may face. It will also refer to strategies and techniques that teachers could adopt to create a stress-free learning environment. Misunderstood ADHD in the classroom leaves students with permanent scars. Pervasive misconceptions at school — held by educators and other students — hurt children. Many traditional school systems are due for repairs, beginning with specialized teacher training, support, and interventions to support neurodivergent thinkers.

Listed are some tried and true strategies that will ensure every autistic child receives the best education possible. These strategies apply to both the classroom and home environments. Structure or routine is the name of the game when it comes to autism. Maintain the same daily routine, only making exceptions for special occasions. . Geology building

interventions for autism in the classroom

In the Classroom. Browse our library of evidence-based teaching strategies, learn more about using classroom texts, find out what whole-child literacy instruction looks like, and dive deeper into comprehension, content area literacy, writing, and social-emotional learning. Visit the In the Classroom OverviewMar 26, 2019 · Fun Classroom Activities for Teaching Students with Autism. Sometimes, educational strategies for autism may differ from the lesson plans you make for the rest of your class. But thankfully, autism activities can be as simple as stocking sensory toys in your classroom or reading picture books about social skills. Interventions for children and youth with autism: Prudent choices in a world of exaggerated claims and empty promises. Part I: Intervention and treatment option review. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13, 194–211.Misunderstood ADHD in the classroom leaves students with permanent scars. Pervasive misconceptions at school — held by educators and other students — hurt children. Many traditional school systems are due for repairs, beginning with specialized teacher training, support, and interventions to support neurodivergent thinkers.School-based interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders are strategic solutions to overcome children's social-communication and behavior problems ...A research gap was identified regarding studies focusing on the perspectives of autistic students, environmental adaptations to meet the students' sensitivity difficulties, and how to enhance the students' inclusion regarding content taught and knowledge development from a didactic perspective. Conclusions and ImplicationsResearch shows that early diagnosis of and interventions for autism are more likely to have major long-term positive effects on symptoms and later skills.1,2,3,4,5 Autism …Fun Classroom Activities for Teaching Students with Autism. Sometimes, educational strategies for autism may differ from the lesson plans you make for the rest of your class. But thankfully, autism activities can be as simple as stocking sensory toys in your classroom or reading picture books about social skills. Use these four activities for ...School-based interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders are strategic solutions to overcome children's social-communication and behavior problems ...Using visual supports: Six strategies. 1. Tell a child where to sit or stand. Placing markers on the floor to show where to stand when lining up or having a marker on the table or chair showing where to sit lets children with ASD know where they are supposed to be. Carpet squares or classroom rugs with defined seating areas serve the same purpose. SafeAssign is a powerful plagiarism detection tool that can help educators detect and prevent plagiarism in their classrooms. It is a great way to ensure that students are submitting original work and not copying from other sources.Strategies and practices are generally designed to address a single skill or goal for people on the autism spectrum, these include things like: visual supports, video modelling, prompting, reinforcement, and time delay. Programs, comprehensive approaches, comprehensive treatment approaches, and interventions generally consist of a set of ...Children and young people - Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: support and management (2013) Recommended interventions include play-based strategies with parents, carers and teachers. NICE rule out a number of biomedical interventions for management of the core characteristics of autism, including: chelationSep 7, 2016 · Students with autism can find tasks requiring a lot of planning and organisation such as managing assignments, participating in assessments, navigating learning tasks, and completing homework ... However, there are anecdotal accounts of successful programs introducing foreign languages into classrooms with autistic students (Lumsden and Ruchill Autism Unit, 2009). However, there is a need for more specialised autism training for modern languages teachers, focusing on the best methods to prioritise autistic students' skills, while …educators entitled “Students with Autism in the College Classroom” which includes an estimate that 0.7 to 1.9 percent of college students are on the autism spectrum with an 80% incompletion rate (VanBergeijk et al. qtd. in Harris Delrieu). The report includes an important statistic.

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